云里国际学术前沿讲座#7：张泰苏谈新书《清代财政的意识形态基础》，彭慕兰/薛萌点评

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本期推送云里国际学术前沿讲座第7期，美东时间3月25日晚7点（北京时间26日早7点）由耶鲁大学法学院张泰苏教授主讲他的新专著《清代财政的意识形态基础》，芝加哥大学彭慕兰教授和伦敦政经学院薛萌教授点评。欢迎登记参加。

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新书讲座：清代财政的意识形态基础

Book Talk: The Ideological Foundation of the Qing Fiscal System

时间：美国东部时间3月25号晚7点（中部时间晚六点）(北京时间26日早7点开始)

Time: March 25, 7 pm, Eastern Time ( 6 pm, Middle Time) / March 26, 7 am, Beijing Time. 

Speaker/主讲人: Taisu Zhang, Professor, Yale Law School（张泰苏，耶鲁大学法学院教授)

Commentators/评议人

Kenneth Pomeranz, University Professor, University of Chicago (彭慕兰，芝加哥大学教授）

Melanie Meng Xue, Assistant Professor, London School of Economics and Political Science  (薛萌, 伦敦政经学院助理教授)

Chair/主持: Li Chen, Associate Professor, University of Toronto (陈利，多伦多大学副教授)

Zoom link (讲座注册链接): https://utoronto.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZEpcu-oqDsuGdawLGF7K_UY-JDJTJRaXrw0

Youtube livestream link (讲座Youtube直播链接): https://www.youtube.com/@Yunliyuetianxia

讲座摘要

Abstract

《清代财政的意识形态基础》一书试图通过政治意识形态的建构与制度延续来解释清代财政的长期孱弱。相比于其他朝代或其他近代的欧亚国家，清代的税收始终处于极低的水准，且在王朝发展的过程中不断下沉。本书认为推动这种制度现象出现的核心历史原因在于清代独特的意识形态环境：明亡之后，士大夫们的世界观迅速趋向于小政府主义，并通过各种制度手段将财政锁定长时间在非常保守的政治范式之中。相比于各种“理性主义”的政治经济学模型，这样的意识形态叙事更能有效地解释清政府相对于其他前现代政体的财政特殊性。

Abstract：

How states develop the capacity to tax is a question of fundamental importance to political science, legal theory, economics, sociology, and history. Increasingly, scholars believe that China’s relative economic decline in the 18th and 19th centuries was related to its weak fiscal institutions and limited revenue. This book argues that this fiscal weakness was fundamentally ideological in nature. Belief systems created through a confluence of traditional political ethics and the trauma of dynastic change imposed unusually deep and powerful constraints on fiscal policymaking and institutions throughout the final 250 years of China’s imperial history. Through the Qing example, the book combs through several interaction dynamics between state institutions and ideologies. The latter shapes the former, but the former can also significantly reinforce the political durability of the latter, in the Qing case by artificially limiting the production of economic information that could have been used to challenge fiscal conservatism.

主讲人简介

Speaker’s Bio

Professor Taisu Zhang, Yale Law School

张泰苏，耶鲁大学学士、法律博士、历史学博士。现任耶鲁大学法学院教授，耶鲁大学历史系兼任教授，北京大学法学院全球教席成员。主要研究方向为比较法律与经济史、私法理论与中国司法系统。第一本专著为《儒家的法律与经济：前工业化时期中英家族与产权制度比较》。第二本专著《清代财政的意识形态基础：信仰体系、政治、与制度》于2023年1月出版。

Taisu Zhang is a Professor of Law at Yale Law School and works on comparative legal and economic history, private law theory, and contemporary Chinese law and politics. His first book, The Laws and Economics of Confucianism: Kinship and Property in Pre-Industrial China and England, was published by Cambridge University Press, and received the 2018 Presidents Award from the Social Science History Association and the 2018 Gaddis Smith Book Prize from the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies. A second book, The Ideological Foundations of the Qing Fiscal State, is in progress. He has published articles and book chapters on a wide array of topics, winning awards from several academic organizations, and is a regular essayist on Chinese law, society, and politics in media outlets.

Zhang is a Global Faculty member at Peking University Law School and is the current president of the International Society for Chinese Law and History. He has also taught at the Duke University School of Law, the University of Hong Kong, Brown University, and the Tsinghua University School of Law.  He holds a secondary appointment at Yale as Professor of History.

评议人简介

Discussants’ Bios

Professor Kenneth Pomeranz, University of Chicago

彭慕兰教授现为芝加哥大学校级教授（University Professor），是荣获众多国际学术奖项的《大分流》一书的作者，他也是唯一一位曾先后两次荣获美国历史学会颁发的东亚研究领域费正清专著奖的历史学者。他无疑是在世的中国史学家中最具有国际影响力的少数几位学者之一。

Kenneth Pomeranz is University Professor of History, East Asian Languages and Civilizations, and in the College at the University of Chicago; he previously taught at the University of California, Irvine. His work focuses mostly on China, but also touches on comparative and world history. Most of his research is in social, economic, and environmental history, though he has also worked on state formation, imperialism, religion, gender, and other topics. He has written, edited, or coedited 11 books, including the prize-winners The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (2000), and The Making of a Hinterland: State, Society and Economy in Inland North China, 1853–1937 (1993), and The World that Trade Created (with Steven Topik, now in its 4th edition). 

He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the British Academy, and was President of the American Historical Association in 2013. He was awarded the Dan David Prize for 2019, and the Toynbee Prize for World History for 2020, and is the only two-time winner of the American Historical Association’s Fairbank prize for the year’s best new book on East Asian history. His current projects include a book called Why Is China So Big? which tries to explain, from various perspectives, how and why contemporary Chinas huge land mass and population have wound up forming a single political unit, a co-authored book on economic development in the Anthropocene, and a co-authored world history textbook for introductory college-level courses. He also serves as Faculty Director of the University of Chicago campus in Hong Kong, and as Faculty Curator of its heritage Interpretation Center, creating physical and online exhibits chronicling the history of the campus’ site on Mt. Davis and the larger history of Hong Kong.

评议人简介

Discussants’ Bios

Professor Melanie Meng Xue, London School of Economics and Political Science

薛萌教授是伦敦政治经济学院 (LSE) 的经济史助理教授，哈耶克经济学和政治经济学项目成员，和Cambridge Elements in Law, Economics and Politics的学术编辑。在加入伦敦政治经济学院前，她曾在纽约大学阿布扎比分校，西北大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校任职。

她的研究兴趣包括政治经济学、叙事，性别，以及近代和现代的中国史。她的研究考察了女性的崛起、政权的自我延续以及反社会行为的起源和演变。通过考察历史事件的长期和在不同制度环境下的影响，她重点考察了价值观、信仰和规范在塑造经济和政治差异性中的作用。

在她对口述传统的研究中，通过分析民俗母题，她发现传统叙事中的价值观，是当代社会价值观的重要来源，并构造了跨国家和民族的价值观和信仰的全球数据集。

Professor Melanie Meng Xue is Assistant Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), an affiliate at the Hayek Programme in Economics and Liberal Political Economy, an associate editor at the Cambridge Elements in Law, Economics and Politics. Before joining LSE, she held positions at NYU Abu Dhabi, Northwestern and UCLA. 

Her research interests include political economy, narratives, gender, and early modern and modern China. Her work examines the rise of women, the self-perpetuation of authoritarian regimes, and the origin and evolution of antisocial behavior. By tracing the impact of historical events over time and in various institutional settings, her work centers on the role of values, beliefs, and norms in shaping economic and political disparities. 

In her research of oral traditions, through analyzing folklore themes, I discovered traditional narratives are an important source of values in contemporary society. This line of inquiry has produced a global dataset of values and beliefs across countries and ethnicities. 

主持人/组织人简介：

Chair/Organizer’s Bio

Professor Li Chen, University of Toronto

陈利，伊利诺伊大学法律博士(J.D.)和哥伦比亚大学历史博士学位(Ph.D.)，现为多伦多大学历史系/法学院副教授。曾任该校历史和文化研究系主任（2016-2019年）、中国法律与历史国际学会首任会长以及现任理事和编辑。研究方向为16世纪以来在中国史和全球史中的政治、文化和法律。出版了合编的Chinese Law: Knowledge, Practice, and Transformation, 1530-1950s (Brill, 2015)，以及英文专著《帝国眼中的中国法：主权、正义和跨文化政治》（后者获美国法律史学会（ASLH）2017年Peter Gonville Stein著作奖荣誉提名和亚洲研究协会2018年中国领域列文森著作奖，其中文版将由浙江大学出版社发行）。他目前正完成一本关于清代司法幕友和司法资本的英文专著，并在撰写关于清代秋审制度和皇权政治的英文专著。他的中文文集《帝国的法律、权力知识和政治》以及同白若云合编的《学术之路：跨学科国际学者对谈集》将于2023年由商务印书馆出版。

Li Chen,J.D.(Illinois)/Ph.D.(Columbia), is Associate Professor of History and Law (cross-appointed) at the University of Toronto. He was the founding President of the International Society for Chinese Law and History in 2014-2017 and has served on the Editorial Board of the Law and History Review since 2014. His research focuses on the intersections of law, culture and politics in Chinese and global history since 1500. Besides a series of articles on the critical history of international law and Sino-Western relations, his recent publications include a monograph, Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes: Sovereignty, Justice, and Transcultural Politics (Columbia, 2016) (which won the 2018 Joseph Levenson Book Prize of the Association for Asian Studies and honorable mention for the 2017 Peter Gonville Stein Book Prize of the American Society for Legal History), and a co-edited book, Chinese Law: Knowledge, Practice and Transformation, 1530s-1950s (Brill, 2015). He is completing a SSHRC-funded book manuscript entitled Invisible Power and Juridical Capital of Confucian Legal Specialists in Late Imperial China.

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